Misc

NUMA

Most modern datacenter servers have multiple CPU sockets. Each socket is generally physically close to a portion of the main memory. Each socket is capable of accessing the memory of another NUMA node, however this incurs performance penalties as it has to traverse the memory bus.

dmidecode

Use dmidecode to read verbose information on all hardware being used on the computer. This tool decodes the SMBIOS table in a human-readable format.

The acronym DMI refers to the Desktop Management Interface which is a closely-related standard to SMBIOS that dmidecode was originally written for.

VFIO

VFIO, or Virtual Function Input/Output, is a userspace device driver framework that allows userspace processes to act like privileged device drivers for hardware. It makes use of IOMMU memory protection semantics so that virtual machines, for example, can have exclusive and isolated access to device memory.